Mastering Map-Based Combat: Grids, Hexes, and Open Movement in TTRPGs

Map-based combat, whether grid-based, hex-based, or using open movement, provides a structured, visual approach to encounters in TTRPGs. This style allows players to see and interact with the battlefield, emphasizing tactics and positioning. Here’s how new GMs can utilize various map-based methods to run dynamic and engaging encounters.

Set up the battlefield

A well-designed battlefield is crucial for map-based combat. Whether you use a printed grid, hex map, or a Virtual Tabletop (VTT) like Roll20 or Foundry, setting up the environment is key. VTTs automate many elements like distance measurement and fog of war, making them convenient for remote play.

• Tools of the trade: In addition to maps, you can use miniatures (minis) or tokens to represent characters and enemies. 3D terrain models, such as trees, walls, and buildings, can further enhance the battlefield for in-person play, adding an extra layer of immersion. Physical battle mats are also a popular choice, allowing you to draw layouts and mark positions easily.

Emphasize movement and positioning

Map-based combat thrives on strategic movement and positioning. This approach encourages players to think beyond just attacking and helps keep the encounter dynamic.

• Movement costs: Utilize different terrains, such as rubble, water, or stairs, to affect movement. Grids and hexes make it easy to calculate these costs, while open-movement (inches) introduces more flexibility but requires a measuring tool.

• Flanking and line of sight: Map-based combat simplifies flanking rules, letting players visually strategize to gain bonuses. Adding obstacles, walls, or varied elevations challenges players to consider line of sight and positioning.

• Creativity with maps: Incorporate dynamic elements like shifting platforms, narrow corridors, or moving hazards to make the battlefield feel alive.

Measure distances for spells and ranged attacks

Maps provide clarity when measuring distances for spells and ranged attacks.

• Range limitations: Grids and hexes allow precise counting of squares for movement or spell range. Open movement (inches) adds realism, but requires rulers or measuring tapes to track distances, as used in wargames like Warhammer.

• Area of effect: Use templates or tokens to represent the effects of spells on the map. Clear visual indicators help players understand the reach and impact of their abilities, fostering tactical decision-making.

Pros and cons: Grids, hexes, and open movement (inches)

Each system has its own advantages, which can affect the flow and feel of combat:

• Grids:

  • Pros: Grids are easy to set up and widely available. Movement is simple to track, especially in straight lines. Measuring range and areas of effect becomes straightforward, keeping the game fast-paced. They also help players visualize the battlefield clearly, aiding strategic decision-making.

  • Cons: Grid-based movement can sometimes feel restricted, especially diagonally. The rigidity of square spaces may limit creativity, making positioning feel less organic. Large-scale, detailed grid maps can also be costly and require ample storage space.

• Hexes:

  • Pros: Hex maps offer more natural movement patterns, eliminating the awkwardness of diagonal movement seen in grid-based systems. They can create more fluid and dynamic encounters by allowing curved paths and better simulating organic environments like forests or mountain passes.

  • Cons: Hex maps and terrain models are less commonly available, potentially limiting map options. Calculating areas of effect and line-of-sight can be trickier on a hex grid, requiring a bit more GM and player effort. They also require more detailed explanations when teaching players how to use them effectively.

• Open movement (inches):

  • Pros: Using inches to measure movement allows for freeform combat that feels realistic. This system, used in wargames, is ideal for 3D terrain setups and provides the most flexibility in movement and positioning. It enhances immersion, letting players move their minis wherever they wish.

  • Cons: Open movement can slow down gameplay, as players need to measure every action, which might break the encounter's flow. It also demands careful management by the GM to ensure accuracy and fairness. Building and storing 3D terrain models can be expensive and space-consuming.

VTTs vs. In-person games

The choice between VTTs and in-person gaming significantly affects how you run map-based combat.

• Virtual tabletops (VTTs):

  • Pros: VTTs streamline combat with automated distance measurement, character tokens, and condition markers. They often include built-in maps, dynamic lighting, and fog of war, adding depth and strategy. Online play also makes it easier to gather remote players.

  • Cons: VTTs can involve a steep learning curve and require players to have access to a computer. The digital interface may reduce the tactile enjoyment of moving physical minis. Additionally, GMs need to prepare maps and assets in advance, which can take time.

• In-person games:

  • Pros: The tactile experience of moving minis and interacting with physical terrain brings a sense of realism and immersion. Players often enjoy the direct social interaction, and GMs can improvise maps on the fly with a dry-erase battle mat.

  • Cons: In-person games using terrain models and minis can be costly. They require substantial physical storage space and may involve significant setup time. Transporting materials to different locations can also be a challenge.

Streamline turns and actions

While map-based combat adds depth, it can slow down if not managed efficiently. Use condition markers, tokens, or status indicators on the map to track effects like stunned or poisoned. Consider optional turn time limits to maintain a brisk pace, reminding players to plan their actions during others’ turns.

Final thoughts

Whether you choose grids, hexes, or open movement, map-based combat provides a rich, tactical experience for your TTRPG. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each system helps you create more dynamic and strategic encounters tailored to your group’s preferences. As you become more comfortable, mix elements like 3D terrain with traditional maps to keep combat fresh and engaging.

Advise from the Far Realm

In this video the DM Liar highlights common pitfalls like overcomplicating setups, neglecting player visibility, and improper scale. It advises balancing aesthetics with practicality, focusing on storytelling, and preparing terrain and lighting in advance.

Luboffin advises new players on using maps and miniatures effectively. She emphasizes clear communication, choosing the right scale, and using simple terrain features. She also highlights the benefits of visual aids and encourages creativity and fun.

Grid-based combat ideas to try out in your next TTRPG session

1. Set up a tactical battlefield: Choose between grids, hexes, or open movement for your next session. Prepare the battlefield with obstacles, terrain effects, or dynamic elements such as shifting platforms.

2. Practice with VTTs or physical battle mats: If you’re new to Virtual Tabletop platforms like Roll20 or Foundry, experiment with one in your next session. Focus on using its automated features, such as distance measurement or fog of war. If you’re running in-person, use a physical battle mat to quickly sketch the layout and track player movements. Compare the experiences of both formats to see what works best.

3. Experiment with different terrain types: Incorporate varied terrain, such as difficult rubble, water, or obstacles, into the battlefield. Track how different terrain impacts player movement and decision-making. Did it encourage creative tactics, like using high ground or finding cover?

4. Incorporate line-of-sight challenges: Set up a battlefield with obstacles that block line-of-sight. Challenge players to navigate the terrain, flank enemies, or use ranged attacks strategically. Afterward, review how well players adapted to the environment and whether it made the encounter more dynamic.

5. Streamline combat with condition markers: Use tokens, status indicators, or markers to track conditions like "stunned" or "poisoned" on the battlefield. Pay attention to how this speeds up combat by reducing confusion about which enemies or players are affected by specific effects.

6. Set optional turn time limits: For larger encounters, implement a soft time limit for each player's turn, encouraging them to plan ahead.

By incorporating these exercises, you'll enhance your ability to run map-based combat encounters that are both strategic and engaging, tailoring the battlefield to your players’ preferences while keeping the flow of combat smooth.